Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³ »çȸº¹Áö»ç


ÀÌ ³í¹®Àº 1998³â °¡À»Çбâ

°¡Å縯´ëÇб³ »çȸº¹Áö´ëÇпø

»çȸº¹ÁöÇаú¿¡¼­ ¹®Çм®»çÇÐÀ§¸¦

¹ÞÀº ³í¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.


³í ¹® °³ ¿ä


¥°. ¼­·Ð

1. ¹®Á¦Á¦±â¿Í ¿¬±¸¸ñÀû

2. ½Ã´ë±¸ºÐ°ú ¿¬±¸³»¿ë

1) ½Ã´ë±¸ºÐ

2) ¿¬±¸ ´ë»ó

3) ¿¬±¸ ³»¿ë

3. ¿¬±¸ ¹æ¹ý°ú ÀÏÁ¤


¥±. º»·Ð

1. Ãʱⱳȸ ½Å¾ÓÁ¤¸³°úÁ¤ÀÇ È°µ¿(1777¡­1886)

1) Á¤Ä¡ »çȸ ¹× ±³È¸ »çȸº¹ÁöÀûÀÎ ¹è°æ

2) ºÐ¾ßº° õÁÖ±³ »çȸº¹Áö»ç¾÷

3) »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿ÀÇ ½Ã´ëÀû ¼º°Ý°ú ±× ÀÇÀÇ

2. Á¾±³ÀÚÀ¯È¹µæ°ú ¼öµµÈ¸ °á¼ºÀÌÈÄÀÇ È°µ¿(1886¡­1910)

1) Á¤Ä¡ »çȸ ¹× ±³È¸ »çȸº¹ÁöÀûÀÎ ¹è°æ

2) ºÐ¾ßº° õÁÖ±³ »çȸº¹Áö»ç¾÷

3) »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿ÀÇ ½Ã´ëÀû ¼º°Ý°ú ±× ÀÇÀÇ

3. ÀÏÁ¦½Ä¹Î½Ã±âÀÇ È°µ¿(1910¡­1945)

1) Á¤Ä¡ »çȸ ¹× ±³È¸ »çȸº¹ÁöÀûÀÎ ¹è°æ

2) ºÐ¾ßº° õÁÖ±³ »çȸº¹Áö»ç¾÷

3) »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿ÀÇ ½Ã´ëÀû ¼º°Ý°ú ±× ÀÇÀÇ

4. ÇعæÈÄ È°µ¿(1945¡­1975)

1) Á¤Ä¡ »çȸ ¹× ±³È¸ »çȸº¹ÁöÀûÀÎ ¹è°æ

2) ºÐ¾ßº° õÁÖ±³ »çȸº¹Áö»ç¾÷

3) »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿ÀÇ ½Ã´ëÀû ¼º°Ý°ú ±× ÀÇÀÇ

5. ÀμºÈ¸(ìÒà÷üå) Á¶Á÷ ÀÌÈÄÀÇ È°µ¿(1975¡­1991)

1) Á¤Ä¡ »çȸ ¹× ±³È¸ »çȸº¹ÁöÀûÀÎ ¹è°æ

2) ºÐ¾ßº° õÁÖ±³ »çȸº¹Áö»ç¾÷

3) »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿ÀÇ ½Ã´ëÀû ¼º°Ý°ú ±× ÀÇÀÇ

6. Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³ ÁÖ±³È¸ÀÇ »çȸº¹ÁöÀ§¿øȸ Á¶Á÷ ÀÌÈÄÀÇ È°µ¿(1991¡­)

1) Á¤Ä¡ »çȸ ¹× ±³È¸ »çȸº¹ÁöÀûÀÎ ¹è°æ

2) ºÐ¾ßº° õÁÖ±³ »çȸº¹Áö»ç¾÷

3) »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿ÀÇ ½Ã´ëÀû ¼º°Ý°ú ±× ÀÇÀÇ


¥². °á·Ð

1. Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³ »çȸº¹Áö»ç ¿ä¾à

1) Ãʱⱳȸ ½Å¾ÓÁ¤¸³°úÁ¤ÀÇ È°µ¿(1777¡­1886)

2) Á¾±³ÀÚÀ¯È¹µæ°ú ¼öµµÈ¸ °á¼ºÀÌÈÄÀÇ È°µ¿(1886¡­1910)

3) ÀÏÁ¦½Ä¹Î½Ã±âÀÇ È°µ¿(1910¡­1945)

4) ÇعæÈÄ È°µ¿(1945¡­1975)

5) ÀμºÈ¸ Á¶Á÷ ÀÌÈÄÀÇ È°µ¿(1975¡­1991)

6) Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³ ÁÖ±³È¸ÀÇ »çȸº¹ÁöÀ§¿øȸ Á¶Á÷ ÀÌÈÄÀÇ È°µ¿(1991¡­)

2. Á¦¾ð

1) ¼±±³¿Í º¹ÁöÀÇ ÅëÇÕµÈ »ç¸ñ

2) ±³È¸ °øµ¿Ã¼¿Í Áö¿ª»çȸ¿Í ÇÔ²²ÇÏ´Â »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿

3) ¼±±³¿Í º¹ÁöÀÇ ÀÏ°üÀûÀÌ°íµµ ü°èÀûÀÎ »ç¸ñ ÇüÅÂ

4) ±³È¸ ¼±±³¿Í »çȸº¹ÁöÀÇ Àü¹®¼º

5) ±¹Á¦È­µÈ º¹Áö È°µ¿ÀÇ Àü°³

6)õÁÖ±³ »çȸº¹Áö Á¤½Å±³À°


¥³. Âü°í¹®Çå


¥´. ºÎ·Ï1 »çȸº¹ÁöÈ°µ¿À» ÇÏ´Â ¼öµµÈ¸¿Í ½Ã¼³¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áú¹®Áö


Abstract


<Ç¥1> Çѱ¹ °¡Å縯 »çȸ º¹Áö »ç¾÷(½Ã¼³¡¤±â°ü¡¤´Üü) ±³±¸º° ¹× ºÐ¾ßº° ºÐÆ÷ÇöȲǥ

³í¹®°³¿ä



ÀÌ ¿¬±¸´Â °¢ ½Ã´ëº° »çȸȯ°æÀÇ º¯È­¿¡ µû¶ó ±³È¸°¡ ¾î¶°ÇÑ »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿À» ÆîÃÄ ¿Ô´ÂÁö¸¦ ü°èÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤¸®Çϸ鼭, »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿ÀÌ ±³È¸ º¹À½ ¼±±³¿¡¼­ Â÷ÁöÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¸®¸¦ ±× ½Ã´ëÀÇ Æ¯¼º°ú Çѱ¹ »çȸ¿ÍÀÇ °ü°è ¾È¿¡¼­ ÀçÈ®ÀÎÇÏ¿©, ±³È¸°¡ ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ¾î¶² ¸ð½ÀÀ¸·Î ¼±±³¿Í º¹Áö¸¦ ÇØ ³ª°¡¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Æº¸±â À§ÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀÌ´Ù.

Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³ »çȸº¹Áö ¿ª»ç¸¦ Ãʱ⠽žÓÁ¤¸³±â¿Í ½Å¾ÓÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ ¼±ÅÃ±Ç È¹µæ ÀÌÈÄ, ÀÏÁ¦½Ã´ë, ÇعæÀÌÈÄ, Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³ ÁÖ±³È¸ÀÇ ÀμºÈ¸¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â Çѱ¹ Ä«¸®Å¸½º ¼³¸³ ÀÌÈÄ, »çȸº¹Áö Àü´ã±â±¸ÀÎ Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³ ÁÖ±³È¸ÀÇ »çȸº¹ÁöÀ§¿øȸ ¼³¸³ ÀÌÈĺÎÅÍ ÇöÀç¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö 6½Ã±â·Î ±¸ºÐÇÏ°í, ±¸ºÐµÈ °¢ ½Ã±â º°·Î ù° Á¤Ä¡ »çȸ ¹× ±³È¸ »çȸº¹ÁöÀûÀÎ ¹è°æÀ» »ìÆ캸°í, µÑ° ºÐ¾ßº° õÁÖ±³ »çȸº¹Áö»ç¾÷À» »ìÆ캻 ÈÄ, ¼Â° »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿ÀÇ ½Ã´ëÀû ¼º°Ý°ú ÀÇÀǸ¦ »ìÆ캻´Ù.

±×¸®°í õÁÖ±³ »çȸº¹Áö¸¦ "°³ÀÎÀûÀ¸·Î ´ëóÇϱ⠾î·Á¿î ¿å±¸³ª ¹®Á¦¿¡ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ »ç¶ûÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀ¸·Î ÇÔ²² Âü¿©ÇÏ¿© ±× ¹®Á¦¸¦ ³ª´©°í ÇÔ²² Ç®¾î³ª°¡±â À§ÇÑ ±³È¸ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§°ú ±³È¸ÀÇ »ç¸ñÀû Áöħ ±×¸®°í ±× °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¸¥ ±³È¸ °øµ¿Ã¼ÀÇ Á÷¡¤°£Á¢ÀûÀÎ ÇàÀ§¿Í ½ÅÀÚ °³ÀÎÀÌ ½Å¾ÓÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀ» °¡Áö°í ±³È¸ÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î ¶Ç´Â ±³È¸ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§°ú ÁöħÀ» ½ÇõÇÏ·Á´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ ³ë·Â"À̶ó°í ±ÔÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. À̸¦ ±³È¸ÀûÀÎ ¿ë¾î·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î ¸»ÇÑ´Ù¸é, "ÇÏ´À´Ô »ç¶û¿¡ ÀÀ´äÇÏ´Â ÀÌ¿ô»ç¶ûÀÇ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ÇüÅÂÀÇ È°µ¿"À̶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ú´Ù.

Á¦1±â 'Ãʱⱳȸ ½Å¾ÓÁ¤¸³°úÁ¤ÀÇ È°µ¿±â'(1777¡­1886) µ¿¾È ±³È¸´Â »ç¸ñÀÚµéÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§°ú »ç¸ñÁ¤Ã¥, Æò½ÅµµÀÇ È°µ¿À» ÅëÇØ ÇÏ´À´Ô »ç¶ûÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀÌ ÀÌ¿ô»ç¶û, ±×Áß¿¡¼­µµ °¡³­ÇÑ ÀÌ¿ô¿¡°Ô ´ëÇÑ »ç¶ûÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» Áõ°ÅÇß´Ù.

Á¦2±â 'Á¾±³ÀÚÀ¯È¹µæ°ú ¼öµµÈ¸ °á¼ºÀÌÈÄÀÇ È°µ¿±â'(1886¡­1910) µ¿¾È ±³È¸´Â õÁÖ±³È¸ ±âÃÊ´ÜÀ§ÀÎ °¢ º»´çÀÌ º»´ç¿¡ ÆÄ°ßµÈ ¼öµµÀÚµé°ú ÇÔ²² Áö¿ª»çȸ ¾È¿¡¼­ ±× Áö¿ª»çȸÀÇ ±âÃʺ¹Áö¶ö ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °í¾Æ ¼ö¿ë°ú ¿µÀ¯¾Æ º¸À°, ³ëÀÎ ¼ö¿ë°ú º¸À°, ¼ö¿ëµÈ °í¾Æ¿Í ³ëÀÎÀÇ Ä¡·á¸¦ À§ÇÑ ½Ã¾à¼Ò¸¦ ¿î¿µÇÏ¸ç »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿À» ÆîÃÆ´Ù.

Á¦3±â 'ÀÏÁ¦½Ä¹Î½Ã±âÀÇ È°µ¿±â'(1910¡­1945) µ¿¾È ±³È¸´Â Çѱ¹À» È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î ÅëÄ¡Çϱâ À§ÇØ ±³È¸ÀÇ »çȸ¿¡ÀÇ ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» ÅëÁ¦Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ÀÏÁ¦½Ä¹ÎÁ¤ºÎÀÇ Àǵµ¿¡ µû¶ó º¸À°, ¾ç·Î, ±³À°, ÀÇ·á ºÐ¾ßÀÇ »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿ ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ ÂѰܳµÁö¸¸, ±³È¸´Â »çȸÀÇ ±âº»±³À°°ú ¾ð·Ð¹®È­ º¹Áö¸¦ ÅëÇØ »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿À» ÆîÃÆ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÏÁ¦ÀÇ ¹ÚÇØ·Î ÀÎÇØ ¿©¼º ¼öµµÀÚµéÀÌ º»´çÀÇ Àü·Êº¸Á¶¿Í ¿¹ºñÀÚ ±³¸® µîÀÇ ±â´ÉÀûÀÎ ÀÏ·Î Ãà¼Ò Á¾»çÇÏ°Ô µÊ°ú µ¿½Ã¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î´Â ¼öµµÈ¸°¡ º»´ç°ú´Â º°µµ·Î ÀÚüÀûÀÎ »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿À» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.

Á¦4±â 'ÇعæÈÄ È°µ¿±â'(1945¡­1975) µ¿¾È ±³È¸´Â ¹Ì±¹ °¡Å縯 ±¸Á¦À§¿øȸ¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇÑ ¿Ü¿ø´ÜüÀÇ ÈÄ¿ø ¾Æ·¡ Çعæ°ú ÀüÈÄÀÇ Çѱ¹ ¹ÎÁߵ鿡°Ô »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿À» ÆîÃÆ´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ 'Àκ¸¼ºÃ¼ ¼öµµÈ¸' °°Àº »çȸº¹Áö Àü¹® ¼öµµÈ¸¿Í 'ºóþ½Ã¿À ¾Æ ¹Ù¿ï·Îȸ'¿Í °°Àº Àü¹® »çµµÁ÷ ´Üü°¡ ¼³¸³µÇ¾ú´Ù.

Á¦5±â 'ÀμºÈ¸ Á¶Á÷ ÀÌÈÄÀÇ È°µ¿±â'(1975¡­1991) µ¿¾È ±³È¸´Â ¹Ì±¹ °¡Å縯 ±¸Á¦À§¿øȸÀÇ È°µ¿°ú ÀÚ»êÀ» Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³ ÁÖ±³È¸ÀÇ ÀμºÈ¸·Î À̾î¹Þ¾Æ Àΰ£ °³¹ß°ú »çȸº¹Áö¸¦ ½ÇÇöÇß´Ù. ±×¸®°í º»´ç Áß½ÉÀÇ Áö¿ª»çȸ º¹Áö°¡ ±³±¸³ª ¼öµµÈ¸ Â÷¿øÀÇ Àü¹® »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿À¸·Î ´ëüµÇ°í, Á¤ºÎ´Â »çȸº¹Áö ½Ã¼³ÀÇ ¿î¿µÀ» õÁÖ±³¿¡ ¸Ã±â±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ »çȸº¹Áö¸¦ Àü´ãÇÏ´Â »ç¸ñÀÚµéÀÌ »ý°Ü³µ´Ù.

Á¦6±â 'Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³ ÁÖ±³È¸ÀÇ »çȸº¹ÁöÀ§¿øȸ Á¶Á÷ ÀÌÈÄÀÇ È°µ¿±â'(1991¡­) µ¿¾È ±³È¸´Â Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³ ÁÖ±³È¸ÀÇ »êÇÏÀÇ ÀμºÈ¸¸¦ »çȸº¹ÁöÀ§¿øȸ·Î °³ÄªÇÏ°í »çȸº¹Áö¸¦ Àü´ãÇϵµ·Ï Çß´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ °¢ ±³±¸¸¶´Ù »çȸº¹Áöȸ(±¹ ¶Ç´Â À§¿øȸ)°¡ ¼³¸³µÇ°í ±³±¸ ³»ÀÇ »çȸº¹Áö ¾÷¹«¸¦ ÅëÇÕÀûÀ¸·Î °èȹ, Á¶Á¤, Áö¿øÇϵµ·Ï Çß´Ù.

ÀÌ»óÀÇ Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³ »çȸº¹Áö ¿ª»ç ¿¬±¸¿¡ µû¶ó ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ Á¦¾ðÇÑ´Ù.

ù°, Ãʱ⠱³È¸»ç¿¡¼­ º¸µíÀÌ, ±³È¸ÀÇ º¹Áö È°µ¿À» ¼±±³¿ÍÀÇ º°°³·Î »ïÁö ¸»°í ÅëÇյǰí ü°èÀûÀ¸·Î Á¶È­µÈ »ç¸ñÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¾Æ¿ï·¯ ±³È¸ »çȸ º¹Áö È°µ¿ÀÇ ±Ù°Å¿Í ¹æÇâÀ» ÀÌ¿ôÀÇ ±¸¿øÀ» À§ÇÑ ÀÚ±â Èñ»ýÀ̶ó´Â ½Å¾ÓÀûÀÎ °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ ãµµ·Ï ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

µÑ°, Á¾±³ÀÚÀ¯È¹µæ°ú ¼öµµÈ¸ °á¼º ÀÌÈÄÀÇ ½Ã±â¿¡¼­ º¸µíÀÌ, õÁÖ±³È¸ÀÇ ±âÃÊ´ÜÀ§ÀÎ °¢ º»´çÀº ÀڱⰡ ¼ÓÇØÀÖ´Â Áö¿ªÀÇ ¿µÀ¯¾Æ, ³ëÀÎ, Àå¾ÖÀÎ µîÀÇ ±âÃÊÀûÀÎ º¹ÁöÇýÅÃÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ À̵鿡°Ô Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÀÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¾Æ¿ï·¯ »çȸº¹Áö ½Ã¼³À̳ª ±â°ü°ú ÇØ´ç Áö¿ªÀÇ º»´çÀÌ ±íÀº À¯´ë¿Í ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ¿¬°áÀ» °¡Áö°í È°µ¿ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

¼Â°, Çѱ¹ ±³È¸ »çȸº¹Áö ¿ª»ç ¾È¿¡¼­ ºó¹øÇÏ°Ô º¸µíÀÌ, Áö¿ª ±³È¸ °øµ¿Ã¼ÀÇ »ç¸ñÀÚµéÀÌ ¹Ù²ð ¶§¸¶´Ù »ç¸ñÇüÅ°¡ º¯ÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï »ç¸ñÀÚ´Â ±³È¸ ±¸¼º¿øÀÎ »ç¸ñÀÇ ÇùÁ¶ÀÚµé°ú Æò½Åµµ ÁöµµÀÚµé ±×¸®°í ±³¿ìµé ¸ðµÎ¿Í ÇÔ²²ÇÏ´Â »ç¸ñÀ» Æ쳪°¡¾ß ÇÏ°Ú°í, ¶Ç Æò½Åµµµéµµ »ç¸ñÀÚÀÇ ±ÇÀ¯¿Í ¸í·É¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­¸¸ ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â ÀÏȸÀûÀÌ°íµµ À°Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ´Ü¼ø ³ë·ÂºÀ»ç Â÷¿øÀÇ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ½º½º·Î ´Éµ¿ÀûÀÌ°íµµ Àû±ØÀûÀ¸·Î °¡³­ÇÑ À̵é°ú ÇÔ²²ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ¿­Á¤¿¡¼­ ¿ì·¯³ª¿Í Áö¼ÓÀûÀÌ°íµµ Ã¥ÀÓ ÀÖ´Â ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇØ¾ß ÇÏ°Ú´Ù.

³Ý°, ÀÏÁ¦½Ã´ëó·³ Àü¹®¼ºÀ» ºô¹Ì·Î »çȸº¹ÁöÈ°µ¿¿¡¼­ ¹Ð·Á³ªÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ¼±±³¿Í º¹Áö È°µ¿À» Çϴµ¥ À־ Àü¹®¼ºÀ» Áö³à¾ß ÇÏ°Ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±³±¸ »çȸº¹Áöȸ³ª °ü·Ã »ç¸ñ ´ã´ç ºÎ¼­¿¡¼­´Â º»´çÀ̳ª ¼öµµÈ¸¿¡¼­ óÀ½ Áö¿ª »çȸº¹Áö¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â »ç¸ñÀÚ¿Í ¼öµµÀÚ, Æò½Åµµ ÁöµµÀÚ¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÇàÁ¤Ã³¸® ¾È³»¿Í üÇè¿¡¼­ ºñ·ÔµÈ ½ÇÁúÀûÀÌ°íµµ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ °¡ÀÌµå ¶óÀÎÀ» ¹Ì¸® ü°èÀûÀ¸·Î ÁغñÇÏ¿© Á¦°øÇØ ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÏ°Ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í »ç¸ñÀÚÀÇ ¾ç¼º°úÁ¤ ¾È¿¡ ÀÚ¹ßÀûÀ¸·Î »çȸº¹Áö»ç ÀÚ°ÝÃëµæ°úÁ¤À» ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Çϸé ÁÁ°Ú´Ù.

´Ù¼¸Â°, ÇØ¿Ü ¿øÁ¶¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ ¿î¿µÇß´ø »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿ÀÇ ¿ª»ç¸¦ ±â¾ïÇÏ¿©, Çѱ¹ ±³È¸µµ ¿Ü±¹ÀÇ °¡³­ÇÑ ³ª¶óÀÇ »çȸº¹Áö ´ë»óÀÚµéÀ» À§ÇÑ ¿øÁ¶µµ ÇÏ°í, ±¹Á¦ Ä«¸®Å¸½º¿ÍÀÇ ¿¬´ë¿Í À¯´ë ¼Ó¿¡¼­ º¸´Ù ³ªÀº »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿À» ÇؾßÇÏ°Ú´Ù.

¿©¼¸Â°, ±³È¸ »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿ÀÇ ¿ª»ç ¾È¿¡¼­ °¡Å縯ÀÇ Á¤½Å°ú ¹æ¹ýÀ» Àß ¸ô¶ó ºú¾îÁ³´ø ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¿ÀÇØ¿Í ¸¶ÂûÀ» ÇÇÇÏ°í õÁÖ±³ Á¤½Å¿¡ µû¶ó ±íÀÌ Àִ õÁÖ±³ »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿ÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö±â À§ÇØ, ´ÜÁö »çȸ¹ýÀÇ ¿ä±¸¸¦ ä¿ì´Âµ¥ ±×Ä¡Áö ¸»°í °¡Å縯ÀÇ Á¤½Å°ú ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ» ¸íÈ®È÷ ±Ô¸íÇÏ°í ±³À°ÇÏ¿© õÁÖ±³ÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀÌ Àû¿ëµÇ°í ±¸ÇöµÇµµ·Ï ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ°Ú´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ "¿©±â ÀÖ´Â ÇüÁ¦ Áß¿¡ °¡Àå º¸Àß °Í ¾ø´Â »ç¶÷ Çϳª¿¡°Ô ÇØ ÁØ °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ³ª¿¡°Ô ÇØ ÁØ °ÍÀÌ´Ù"(¸¶Å 25,40)¶ó´Â ±âÃÊ ¾Æ·¡ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®ÀÇ ¿ä±¸¸¦ Á¶¹°ÁÖÀÇ È£¼Ò¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ°í, "¾î¶² ÇüÁ¦³ª ÀڸŰ¡ Çæ¹þ°í ±× ³¯ ¸ÔÀ» ¾ç½ÄÁ¶Â÷ ¶³¾îÁ³´Âµ¥ ¿©·¯ºÐ °¡¿îµ¥ ´©°¡ ±×µéÀÇ ¸ö¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ÁÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é¼­ 'Æò¾ÈÈ÷ °¡¼­ ¸öÀ» µû¶æÇÏ°Ô ³ìÀÌ°í ¹èºÎ¸£°Ô ¸Ô¾î¶ó.'°í ¸»¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù¸é ¹«½¼ ¼Ò¿ëÀÌ ÀÖ°Ú½À´Ï±î? ÀÌ ¾î¸®¼®Àº »ç¶÷ÀÌ¿©, ÇൿÀÌ µû¸£Áö ¾Ê´Â ¹ÏÀ½Àº ¾Æ¹« ¼Ò¿ëÀÌ ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ½Í½À´Ï±î?"(¾ß°í 2,15-16.20)¶ó´Â ¼º¼­ ¸»¾¸À» µû¶ó ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÌ°í Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ »çȸº¹Áö¸¦ ÇؾßÇÏ°Ú´Ù.




A Study of the History of the Catholic Social Welfare in Korea

Peter Heung-bo Shim

Master's Program in Social Welfare

Graduate School of Social Welfare

The Catholic University of Korea.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to seek how the Church should be in order to fulfill the mission and the welfare tomorrow through arranging what is the Social Welfare which the Church has done according to the change of social environment and through confirming the position that the Social Welfare has been on the evangelization of the Catholic Church in relation with the Korean society and the specific character of the ages.

The history of Catholic Social Welfare in Korea was divided into 6 periods : 1) the Early Church, 2) the period of Freedom of Religion, 3) the period of Japan's Colony, 4) the post Liberation period, 5) the period after establishing the Korea Caritas which is called the Human Development Committee of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Korea and 6) the period from establishing the Social Welfare Committee of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Korea to nowadays; and seeking first the background of the policy in the Society and the Church Social Welfare, secondly the various fields of the Catholic Church Social Welfare, thirdly the character and meaning of the Social Welfares of each period.

And it is the Social Welfare that "the various ways to realize the teachings and directives of the Church which are based on the love and thought of Christ for doing and sharing and fulfilling the needs and problems which are hard to respond individually" in this study. Saying this in Church words, it can be called "the concrete acting of the loving neighbor which is responding the God's love".

During the 1st period, 'the Early Church' (1777¡­1886), the Catholic Church was persecuted. The loving God was through the teachings and pastoral policies of the pastor and the acting of the layman, especially for the poor.

The 2nd period, 'the period of Freedom of Religion' (1886¡­1910), each of the parishes, the unit of the Catholic Church had done Social Welfares, the orphan asylum and the asylum for the aged and the pharmacy for needy patient, etc., with the Religious who were sent to the Parish in Communities located in the Parish territory.

The 3rd period, 'the period of Japan's Colony' (1910¡­1945), even though the Catholic Church was dismissed from the Social Welfare that had cared for the orphan, the aged, the education, the medical, etc because the Japan's colonial government wanted to control easily the Korean society. The Church conducted basic courses of education of the society and the press, culture services. And by this reason, the women Religious Societies were restricted to assistant roles of the liturgy and the catechism. Otherwise, the Societies of Religious had started to do Social Welfare by themselves separately from the Parish.

The 4th period, 'the post Liberation' period (1945¡­1975), the Catholic Church did Social Welfares under the sponsoring of the Catholic Relief Service(C.R.S.) of U.S. and other sponsors of foreign organizations after the Liberation and the World War ¥±. And there was established the professional Society of Religious, Congregation, Caritatis S.S. Sacramenti (C.B.S.S.) and the professional association of St. Vincent de Paul Society in the field of the Social Welfare.

The 5th period, 'the period after establishing the Korea Caritas which is called the Human Development Committee of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Korea' (1975¡­1991), the Catholic Church received the finances and acts from the C.R.S. to the Human Development Committee of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Korea. And the community service which was done by the parish was changed to the professional service performed by the dioceses and the Societies of Religious. And the Government has started to entrust the management of organizations of the Social Welfare to the Church. And appearing the full-time director who is in charge of the Social Welfare.

The 6th period, 'the period from establishing the Social Welfare Committee of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Korea to nowadays' (1991¡­), the Church renamed the Human Development Committee of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Korea to the Social Welfare Committee of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Korea and put that Committee in charge of the Social Welfare. And so it was established the Caritas (committee) of each Dioceses to plan and control, support the Social Welfare.

Based on these results of the study, follow these suggestions;

First, as appearing in 'the Early Church', it should be not separated the mission and the welfare but integrated and harmonized systematically. And the principle and direction of the Church Social Welfare should be based on the point of view of faith that is the sacrifice for saving our neighbor.

Secondly, as appears in 'the period of Freedom of Religion', the parish, the unit of the Catholic Church should be to respond directly to the client, the infant, the aged, the handicapped etc who is needed basically in its area. And agencies and organizations of Social Welfare should keep relationship with the community parishes.

Thirdly, as appearing often in the history of Korean Church Social Welfare, changing the pastoral direction according to the change of the pastor should be avoided. And the pastor should plan with pastoral assistants and leaders, laymen. In other hand, laymen should be to act actively and positively and support continuously and responsibly not move passively by the pastor's suggestions and commands.

Fourth, not to repeat the dismissal from the field by reason of the lack of professionalism when in the time of Japanese Colony, to be professional is very required in the mission and the welfare. And it should be prepared the information and guide line of the related administrative process and content of the Social Welfare for the pastor and the religious and the layman who want to start.

Fifth, as remembering the history of Social Welfare which was sponsored by foreign Churches, the Korean Church should support the poor and the client of the foreign countries to promote solidarity and so to do more and better.

Sixth, as appearing in the history of the Church Social Welfare, several misunderstandings and struggles which were from the unknowing of the catholic thought and method should be avoided and educate and realize the spirituality of the Catholic for the good Catholic Social Welfare, not only the Church act should be good the social law concerning the Social Welfare. And so it should receive the needs of the client as a request of the Creator under the spirit of that "In so far as you did this to one of the least of these brothers of mine, you did it to me."(Mt 25,40) and do clearly and directly the Social Welfare according to the words, "If one of the brothers or one of the sisters is in need of clothes and has not enough food to live on, and one of you says to them, 'I wish you well; keep yourself warm and eat plenty', without giving them these bare necessities of life, then what good is that? Do realize, you senseless man, that faith without good deeds is useless."(Jm 2,15-16.20)

¥°. ¼­·Ð


1. ¹®Á¦Á¦±â¿Í ¿¬±¸¸ñÀû

±³È¸´Â Áö»ó¿¡¼­ ÇÏ´Ã ³ª¶ó·Î ÇâÇØ ¼ø·ÊÇÏ´Â ÇÏ´À´Ô ¹é¼ºµéÀÇ ¸ðÀÓÀÌ´Ù. À̵éÀº ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÌ Àΰ£À» ÁöÀ¸½Ã°í »ç¶ûÇÏ½Ã°í ±¸¿øÇØÁֽø®¶ó°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ À̵éÀº ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÌ ´Ù½º¸®½Ã´Â ÇÏ´À´Ô ³ª¶ó¿¡ µé¾î°¡±â¸¦ Èñ¸ÁÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÇÑÆí À̵éÀº ÀڽŵéÀÌ ÇÏ´À´Ô ³ª¶ó¿¡ µé¾î°¡±â À§ÇØ, ¶Ç ÇÏ´À´Ô ³ª¶óÀÇ ½Åºñ¸¦ ÀÌ ¶¥¿¡¼­ ¹Ì¸® ¾Õ´ç°Ü »ì±â À§ÇØ ÁÖ ¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ »ý¾Ö¸¦ ±â¾ïÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â °ð ÇÏ´À´Ô²²¼­ Àΰ£À» ±¸¿øÇϱâ À§ÇØ ±× ¿Ü¾Æµé ¿¹¼ö¸¦ ¼¼»ó¿¡ º¸³»½Ã¾î Á¦¹°·Î »ïÀ¸½Ç Á¤µµ·Î Àΰ£À» »ç¶ûÇϽŠ±× »ç¶ûÀ» »ì°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ »ç¶ûÀº ¹Ù·Î ¿¹¼ö´Ô²²¼­ Àΰ£À» ±¸¿øÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »ý¸íÀ» ¹ÙÄ¡½Å ±¸¿øÀ» À§ÇÑ Èñ»ýÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±× Èñ»ýÀº Á×À½¿¡ ±×Ä¡Áö ¾Ê°í ºÎÈ°ÇϽÉÀ¸·Î½á ÀηùÀÇ ÁÖ´ÔÀÌ µÇ¼Ì´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ¿¹¼ö´ÔÀº ÁÖ´ÔÀ̽ðí ÂüÀ¸·Î Àΰ£¿¡°Ô ±â»Û ¼Ò½ÄÀÌ´Ù.

±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±³È¸´Â ºÎÈ°ÇϽŠ±×¸®½ºµµ²²¼­ "³ÊÈñ´Â °¡¼­ ÀÌ ¼¼»ó ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀ» ³» Á¦ÀÚ·Î »ï¾Æ ¾Æ¹öÁö¿Í ¾Æµé°ú ¼º·ÉÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î ¼¼·Ê¸¦ º£Ç®°í ³»°¡ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ¸íÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÁöÅ°µµ·Ï °¡¸£ÃĶó"(¸¶Å 28,19-20)ÇϽŠ¸»¾¸¿¡ µû¶ó ¿Â ¼¼»ó¿¡ º¹À½À» ÀüÇÑ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ º¹À½À» ÀüÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °ð '½ÅÀÚ°¡ µÇ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀÌ´Ù.'¶ó°í ÇÑ°è Áö¾î ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù. ±³È² ¹Ù¿À·Î 6¼¼´Â ÀÌ¹Ì 'Çö´ëÀÇ º¹À½¼±±³'¿¡¼­ º¹À½ ¼±Æ÷ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ´ÜÁö 'Àü±³'(îîÎç)¿¡ ±×Ä¡Áö ¾Ê°í, ±×¸®½ºµµ¸¦ ¸ð¸£´Â ÀÌ¿¡°Ô ±×¸®½ºµµ¸¦ ¾Ë¸®°í ½ÅÀÚ·Î ¸¸µé »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±×µéÀÌ »ýÈ°ÇÏ´Â »îÀÇ ÇöÀå¿¡ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ º¯Çõ°ú ¿ªÀüÀÌ Àü°³µÇµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â µ¥±îÁö ³ª¾Æ°¡¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ¹àÇû´Ù.(¹Ù¿À·Î 6¼¼ : 17¡­19Ç×) ±×·¯±â¿¡ ÀÌÁ¦´Â ´õ ÀÌ»ó °ú°Åó·³ ±³È¸ÀÇ »ç¸ñÇüÅ Áß¿¡ ±³¸®±³À°À» 'Á÷Á¢ ¼±±³'·Î »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿À» '°£Á¢ ¼±±³'·Î ±¸ºÐÇÏ°í, °£Á¢¼±±³´Â Á÷Á¢¼±±³¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÇϳªÀÇ ¹æÆí¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î °ÝÇϽÃÅ°°Å³ª ´ýÀ¸·Î ÁÖ¾îÁö´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î °£ÁÖÇؼ­´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çؼ­ ±³È¸ÀÇ »çȸº¹ÁöÈ°µ¿Àº ÇÏ´À´Ô²²¼­ Àΰ£À» »ç¶ûÇϽŴٴ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀΠǥ¡À̸ç, °¡³­ÇÑ À̵éÀÌ ±× ǥ¡À» ÅëÇØ ÇÏ´À´ÔÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀ» »ç¶ûÇÏ½Å´Ù°í ´À²¸ °í¹éÇÏ°Ô µÊÀ¸·Î½á º¹À½È­°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

±×·¯³ª ÇÑÆí ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ÀϺο¡¼­´Â 2,000³â´ë¸¦ ÇâÇÑ ±³È¸ÀÇ º¹À½È­¸¦ ±íÀÌ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ°í Àû¿ëÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ Ã¤ °ú°Å¿¡ ¸Ó¹°·¯ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÏ·Ê·Î, ÃÖ±Ù ¼­¿ï´ë±³±¸ÀÇ ¾î´À ÇÑ º»´ç¿¡¼­ ±× °üÇÒ Áö¿ª»çȸ¿¡ Ȧ·Î »ç½Ã´Â ÇҸӴϵéÀ» À§ÇÑ ÁýÀ» ¸¶·ÃÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¾ç·Î¿øÀ» ÁöÀ¸·Á°í ½ÃµµÇß´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ±×¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±³È¸ ¾ÈÆÆ¿¡¼­ µé·Á¿Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀ Áß¿¡´Â º¹À½È­¸¦ À߸ø ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â À̵éÀÇ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®µµ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. "¿Ö, º»´ç ½ÅºÎ°¡ º»´ç ÀÏÀº ¾ÈÇÏ°í ¾û¶×ÇÑ Àϸ¸ ¹ú¸®´À³Ä?", "±³È¸°¡ ¿Ö »çȸº¹Áö¸¦ Çϳª?", "¾ç·Î¿øÀº Ư¼ö»ç¸ñÀÌÁö º»´ç»ç¸ñÀÌ ¾Æ´ÏÁö ¾Ê´À³Ä?" µî »çȸº¹Áö°¡ ¼±±³¿¡ Â÷ÁöÇÏ´Â ³»¿ëÀ» ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î Æò°¡ÇÏ´Â ¸ñ¼Ò¸®¿´´Ù.

º»´ç »ç¸ñ°ú Ư¼ö »ç¸ñÀ» ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ º°µµÀÇ °ÍÀ¸·Î Ä¡ºÎÇؼ­´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. ÇÏ´À´Ô »ç¶ûÀÇ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÌ°í Çö½ÇÀûÀΠǥ¡ÀÌ »çȸº¹ÁöÀûÀÎ ÇüÅ·Πµå·¯³ª´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿À°¥ µ¥ ¾ø´Â ÇҸӴϸ¦ ¹æ¹®ÇÏ°í À§·ÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº º»´ç »ç¸ñÀÌ°í, ±× ÇҸӴϵéÀ» À§ÇÑ ÁýÀ» Áþ°í ¸ð½Ã´Â °ÍÀº Ư¼ö »ç¸ñÀ̶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù. ³ªÀÌ°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì 70´ë°¡ ³Ñ¾î¼± ³ëÀε鿡°Ô Áö±Ý±îÁö ÀڱⰡ »ì¾Æ¿Ô´ø Áý°ú ÀÌ¿ô°ú °íÇâ »êõÀ» ¶°³ª ³ëÀÎ ¿ä¾ç¼Ò¿¡¼­ »õ·Î¿î ÀλýÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇ϶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁøÁ¤ Àΰ£¿¡°Ô ÃÑüÀûÀÎ Çعæ°ú ±¸¿øÀ» °¡Á®´ÙÁÖ´Â »ç¸ñÀûÀÎ ÇàÀ§¶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

±×·¸´Ù¸é ÁøÁ¤ º»´ç »ç¸ñÀ» ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¿¹ºñÀÚ ±³¸®¿Í ¼º»çÁýÀü, ½ÅÀڹ湮 ¸¸À» º»´ç »ç¸ñÀ¸·Î ±¹ÇÑÇÑ´Ù¸é, °ú¿¬ »ç¸ñÀÇ ¸ñÀû°ú ¸ñÇ¥°¡ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ÀǾÆÇØÁø´Ù. ¹«¾ù ¶§¹®¿¡ »ç¸ñÇÏ°í, ¿Ö ¼º´ç¿¡ ³ª¿À¶ó°í ÇÏ´ÂÁö µÇ»õ°Ü¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. °³ÀÎÀÇ ½É¸®ÀûÀÎ ¾ÈÁ¤°ú À̱âÀûÀÎ ÇູÀ» Ãß±¸ÇØÁÖ±â À§ÇØ ³ª¿À¶ó°í ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù. °¡³­ÇÑ À̵鿡°Ô ±â»Û ¼Ò½ÄÀ» ÀüÇϱâ À§ÇØ, ½ÅÀڵ鿡°Ô ±â»Û ¼Ò½ÄÀ» ÀüÇÏ°í ±â»Û ¼Ò½ÄÀ» µéÀº ½ÅÀÚµéÀÌ ±â»µ¼­ ¼¼»ó¿¡ ³ª¾Æ°¡ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ±â»Û ¼Ò½ÄÀ» ÀüÇϵµ·Ï Çϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ±³È¸·Î ¸ðÀ¸´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

°¡³­ÇÑ À̵鿡°Ô ±â»Û ¼Ò½ÄÀ̶ó´Â - »ç¸ñ ¼öÇàÀÇ Çö½ÇÀûÀÎ ÇÑ ÇüÅ·Πµå·¯³ª´Â - »çȸº¹ÁöÀûÀÎ ÇàÀ§¸¦ ±³È¸ÀÇ ºÎ¼öÀûÀÌ°í ÀÌÂ÷ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î Ãë±ÞÇÏÁö ¸»°í, ±³È¸ÀÇ º»ÁúÀ» ÀÌ·ç´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î¼­ÀÇ »ç¸ñÀÇ Á÷Á¢ ¼±±³¿Í °£Á¢ ¼±±³¶ó´Â µ¿ÀüÀÇ ¾ç¸é°úµµ °°Àº °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸¾Æ¾ß Çϴµ¥µµ Çö½ÇÀº ±×·¸Áö ¸øÇÏ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±³È¸ÀÇ ¿ª»ç°¡ À̸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô ¸»ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö ÀÌ ³í¹®À» ÅëÇØ °íÂûÇØ º¸µµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.

Çѱ¹ ±³È¸ÀÇ ¿ª»ç ¾È¿¡¼­ Ưº°È÷ ½Å¾ÓÀ» °¡Á³´Ù´Â ÀÌÀ¯ ¶§¹®¿¡ ¼¼»óÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹ÚÇظ¦ ¹Þ¾Æ ¸öÀ» ÇÇÇØ¾ß Çß´ø ¹ÚÇؽô뿡µµ ÀÌ »çȸº¹ÁöÀûÀÎ ÀÌ¿ô»ç¶ûÀÌ ¾øÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. Ãʱⱳȸ·ÎºÎÅÍ Çö´ë¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁöÀÇ ±³È¸ÀÇ ¿ª»ç ¾È¿¡¼­ »çȸº¹ÁöÀûÀÎ ¾Ö´ö È°µ¿ÀÌ ±³È¸°¡ óÇÑ ³»¿ÜÀû ȯ°æ ¾È¿¡¼­ ¾î¶² ¿ªÇÒ°ú ºñÁßÀ» Â÷ÁöÇß°í, ±×¸®°í ±³È¸´Â ¾î¶² ÇüÅÂÀÇ »çȸº¹Áö¸¦ ÇßÀ¸¸ç, ±×·¯ÇÑ ±³È¸ÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀº ±× ´ç½Ã »çȸ¿Í ¾î¶² ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ°í¹Þ¾Ò´ÂÁö, ¶ÇÇÑ ±×·¯ÇÑ »çȸº¹ÁöÀûÀÎ È°µ¿ÀÌ ¾î¶² º¯Ãµ°úÁ¤À» ¹â¾Æ ¿Ô´ÂÁö¸¦ »ìÆ캸±â·Î ÇÑ´Ù.

Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³ÀÇ »çȸº¹Áö¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÇÑ ¹Ú¼®µ·(1981)°ú ÃÖÁ¤º¹(1952) µîÀº ½ÅÀÚµéÀÇ ÀÚ¼±»ç¾÷¿¡ ´ëÇØ ½Ç·Ê¿Í Çѱ¹ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ¾Æµ¿º¹Áö½Ã¼³ ¿µÇØȸ¿Í ¾ç³ë¿ø, ½Ã¾à¼Ò, ¼º ¶óÀÚ·Î ¿ä¾ç¿ø ¹× ¹Ì±¹ °¡Å縯 ±¸Á¦À§¿øȸÀÇ È°µ¿ ±×¸®°í õÁÖ±³ »çȸº¹Áö Àü±¹Á¶Á÷ÀÎ Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³ ÁÖ±³È¸ÀÇ ÀμºÈ¸¸¦ ´Ù·ç¾ú°í, ÃÖ¼®¿ì(1982)´Â ½Ã¾à¼Ò¸¦, À¯Èï·Ä(1962)Àº Çѱ¹ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ³ëÀκ¹Áö ¾ç·Î¿ø ¼³Ä¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ, Á¶È­¿µ(1992)Àº ¿µÇØȸ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´Ù·ç¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀüÂù¹ü(1994)°ú ±è¿ëÅÂ(1993)¿Í ÀÌÇö¼÷(1997)Àº ¼º¼­¿Í ¼ºÀü(á¡îî) ±×¸®°í ±³È² ¿äÇÑ ¹Ù¿À·Î2¼¼ÀÇ '°¡³­ÇÑ À̵鿡 ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¼±ÀûÀÎ »ç¶û'À̶ó´Â ±Ç°í¿¡ µû¶ó °¡³­ÇÏ°í °íÅë¹Þ°í ¾ï´­·Á ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç¶û°ú ¹è·Á°¡ Å©¸®½ºÃ®ÀÇ Àǹ«ÀÌÀÚ ±Ç¸®À̸ç, ¹°ÁúÀûÀÎ Áö¿ø »Ó¸¸¾Æ´Ï¶ó Á¤½ÅÀûÀÌ°íµµ ÀΰÝÀûÀÎ Â÷¿ø¿¡¼­ ±³È¸°¡ Àû±ØÀûÀ¸·Î ´ëÀÀ Âü¿©ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ Ãʱâ Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³È¸ÀÇ »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ Çö´ë¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö õÁÖ±³ »çȸº¹ÁöÀÇ È帧À» »ìÆ캻 ¹Ù ÀÖ´Ù.

ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¼±Ç࿬±¸µé¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³­ õÁÖ±³ »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿À» º¸¸é, Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³È¸´Â ¹ÚÇؽôëºÎÅÍ Áö±Ý¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ ±×¸®°í °¡³­ÇÑ À̵鿡°Ô ±â»Û ¼Ò½ÄÀ» ÀüÇÏ·Á´Â ±³È¸ÀÇ º»ÁúÀûÀÎ ÇüÅ·Π»çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿À» ÇØ¿Ô´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î³ª¸¶ È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. 1777³âºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛµÈ 221³â°£ÀÇ Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³È¸ÀÇ ¿ª»ç´Â Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³È¸ »çȸº¹ÁöÀÇ ¿ª»ç°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡? ÀÌ Çѱ¹ ±³È¸ÀÇ ¿ª»ç ¾È¿¡ ¾ö¿¬ÇÑ Çö½Ç·Î »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Â '°¡³­ÇÑ À̵鿡°Ô ±â»Û ¼Ò½Ä' ÀÚ¸®¸¦ °£Á¢ ¼±±³·Î °£½ÅÈ÷ º»´ç »ç¸ñ ¼Ó¿¡ ³Ö¾î Áְųª, ÀÖÀ¸¸é¼­µµ ÇÑ ±¸¼®À¸·Î ¹Ð¾î ³õ±â º¸´Ù Àû±ØÀûÀ¸·Î ã¾ÆÁÖ°í °è½Â ¹ßÀü½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

±×·¯³ª Áö±Ý±îÁö Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³È¸ÀÇ »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ª»ç°¡ ÀüüÀûÀÎ ¸é¿¡¼­ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÌ°íµµ ÅëÇÕÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤¸®µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®¿¡, õÁÖ±³È¸ ³»¿¡¼­ »çȸº¹Áö¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÃµÁÖ±³ »çȸº¹ÁöÀÇ Á¤½Å°ú ±× Àû¿ë¿¡ À־ ¸Å¹ø °³º°ÀûÀ¸·Î óÀ½ºÎÅÍ ´Ù½Ã »õ·Ó°Ô Ç®¾î³ª°¡¾ß¸¸ Çß´Ù. ¶Ç ¾î·Æ°Ô »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿À» ½ÃÀÛÇ߾, ÀÌ·¸°Ô »çȸº¹ÁöÀÇ Á¤½Å°ú Àû¿ëÀÌ Ã¼°èÀûÀÌ°í ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤¸³µÇ¾î °è½Â ¹ßÀüÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®¿¡, Ưº°È÷ °ü½ÉÀÌ ÀÖ´Â »çȸº¹Áö»ç¾÷°¡ °³ÀÎÀÇ ´ç´ë¿¡ ±×Ä¡°Å³ª, ¶Ç ±× ÈÄÀÓÀÚµé·Î ³Ñ¾î°¡´Â °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ È¥¶õ°ú »ç¾÷ÀÇ º¯È¯ÀÌ °ÅµìµÇ´Â ÀÏÀ» ÀÌÁ¦´Â ¸ØÃßµµ·Ï ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÌ ¿¬±¸´Â °¢ ½Ã´ëº° »çȸȯ°æÀÇ º¯È­¿¡ µû¶ó ±³È¸°¡ ¾î¶°ÇÑ »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿À» ÆîÃÄ ¿Ô´ÂÁö¸¦ ü°èÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤¸®Çϸ鼭, »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿ÀÌ ±³È¸ º¹À½ ¼±±³¿¡¼­ Â÷ÁöÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¸®¸¦ ±× ½Ã´ëÀÇ Æ¯¼º°ú Çѱ¹ »çȸ¿ÍÀÇ °ü°è ¾È¿¡¼­ ÀçÈ®ÀÎÇÏ¿©, ±³È¸°¡ ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ¾î¶² ¸ð½ÀÀ¸·Î ¼±±³¿Í º¹Áö¸¦ ÇØ ³ª°¡¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ ¸ð»öÇØ º¸°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù.


2. ½Ã´ë±¸ºÐ°ú ¿¬±¸³»¿ë

1) ½Ã´ë±¸ºÐ

»þ¸¦¸£ ´Þ·¹(Ch. Dallet) ½ÅºÎ´Â 1784(1592)³âºÎÅÍ 1866³â º´ÀιÚÇØ(Ü°ìÙÚÞúª)±îÁöÀÇ Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³È¸ ¿ª»ç¸¦ µÑ·Î ³ª´©¾ú´Ù. ù°´Â 1592³â ÀÓÁø¿Ö¶õ½Ã ÀϺ»ÀεéÀÇ Á¶¼± ħ·«À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ÀϺ»¿¡ ÀâÇô°¡ ÀÔ±³ ¼ø±³ÇÑ Á¶¼± »ç¶÷µéÀÇ µÚ¸¦ À̾î 1784³â À̽ÂÈÆÀÇ Ã¹¼¼·Ê ÈÄ 1827³â ±³È¸°¡ Á¤ÇعÚÇØ(ïËú¤ÚÞúª)¸¦ ¹Þ±â±îÁö¸¦ 'ÃʱâÀÇ Çѱ¹±³È¸'·Î Àâ¾Ò´Ù. µÑ°´Â 1831³â õÁÖ±³ Á¶¼±±³±¸°¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ°í 1866³â º´ÀιÚÇØ·Î º£¸£³ú(Berneux) ÁÖ±³ ¹× ±×ÀÇ µ¿·á½ÅºÎµéÀÇ ¼ø±³¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö¸¦ '½Ã·Ã°ú ¹ßÀüÀÇ Çѱ¹±³È¸'·Î Àâ¾Ò´Ù.

±×¸®°í À¯È«·ÄÀº Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³È¸ ¿ª»ç¸¦ ¿¹¼öȸ Æ÷¸£ÅõÄ®ÀÎ °¡½ºÆĸ£ ºô·¼¶ó ½ÅºÎ°¡ ÀϺ»¿¡¼­ Á¶¼±À¸·Î ¼±±³ÇÏ·Á°í °èȹÇß´ø 1556³âºÎÅÍ 'ÀÏÁ¦ ¾ÐÁ¤ÇÏÀÇ ±³¼¼¿Í Çعæ ÈÄÀÇ ±³È¸ ¹ßÀü'±îÁö¸¦ 10ÆíÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾î Àâ¾Ò´Ù.

À§¿¡¼­ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ ÀÌ µÑÀÇ Çѱ¹ÃµÁÖ±³È¸»ç´Â Ãʱ⠱³È¸ÀÇ ¼ø±³¿Í ¼ø±³·Î ÁöŲ ½Å¾ÓÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ ȹµæ ±×¸®°í Çعæ ÀüÈĸ¦ ±âÁØÀ¸·Î ¿ª»ç¸¦ ³ª´©°í ÀÖ´Ù.

±×¸®°í Ãʱ⠱³È¸ ÀÌÈÄ ¿ª»çÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ±âÁØÀÌ µÇ´Â ½Ã´ë ±¸ºÐÀº ±è¼ºÅ ½ÅºÎ ÁöµµÀÇ °¡Å縯´ëÇб³ ½ÅÇаú ÇлýµéÀÇ ÀÏÁ¦½Ã´ë ±³È¸»ç Á¹¾÷³í¹®¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³­ ½Ã±â±¸ºÐÀ» ÂüÁ¶ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.(°­Çü¼®, 1995; ±è¼±¿ë, 1996; ¹éÁö¿µ, 1998) ±×¸®°í À̵éÀº ÇعæÀÌÈĸ¦ ÇÑ ½Ã±â·Î Àâ¾Ò´Ù.(Á¤½ÂÈ£, 1992; ÇÑÁ¤Èñ, 1996; À¯È¯¹Î, 1996) ÇÑÆí ÀÏÁ¦½Ã´ë¸¦ »çȸº¹Áö ¿ª»çÀÇ ÇÑ È¹À¸·Î ±¸ºÐÇÑ °ÍÀº ±Ç¿À±¸(1997 : 241)¿Í ÇÔ¼¼³² ¿Ü 7ÀÎ(1996 : 542)ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿Íµµ °°´Ù.

ÀüÂù¹ü(1992)Àº 1784³â Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³È¸ÀÇ ¼º¸³¿¡¼­ 1886³â ¼±±³ ÀÚÀ¯±îÁö¸¦ 'Á¦1´Ü°è : ¹ÚÇؽôë'·Î ±¸ºÐÇß´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¼±±³ ÀÚÀ¯¿¡¼­ 1945³â Çعæ Àü±îÁö¸¦ 'Á¦2´Ü°è : ¹®È£°³¹æ°ú ÀÏÁ¦°­Á¡±â'·Î ±¸ºÐÇß´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÇعæÀÌÈÄ 1975³â ÀμºÈ¸ ¼³¸³ Àü±îÁö¸¦ 'Á¦3´Ü°è : ÀÚÄ¡±³È¸ÀÇ ¹ßÀü½Ã±â'·Î ±¸ºÐÇß´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀμºÈ¸ È°µ¿½Ã±âºÎÅÍ 1991³â »çȸº¹ÁöÀ§¿øȸ ¼³¸³ Àü±îÁö¸¦ 'Á¦4´Ü°è : ÀμºÈ¸ È°µ¿½Ã±â'·Î ±¸ºÐÇß´Ù.

¿¬±¸ÀÚ´Â ´Þ·¹¿Í À¯È«·Ä°ú ÇÔ²² 1777³â ±¹³»ÀÇ ÃµÁø¾Ï ÁÖ¾î»ç¿¡¼­ À¯ÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ Ã³À½À¸·Î õÁÖ±³¸¦ ¿¬±¸Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇؼ­ 1784³â À̽ÂÈÆÀÌ ¼¼·Ê¼º»ç¸¦ ¹Þ°í À̾îÁö´Â ¹ÚÇØ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ 1831³â Á¶¼± ±³±¸°¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ°í 1866³â º´ÀιÚÇØ·Î ¸¹Àº ½Å¾ÓÀεéÀÌ ¼ø±³ÇÑ ÈÄ ±× ¿­¸Å·Î 1886³â ÇѺҼöÈ£Á¶¾àÀ» ¸Î°í ½Å¾ÓÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ¾ò±â±îÁö¸¦ 'Á¦1±â Ãʱⱳȸ ½Å¾ÓÁ¤¸³°úÁ¤ÀÇ È°µ¿±â'(1777¡­1886)·Î ±¸ºÐÇÑ´Ù.

±×¸®°í ½Å¾ÓÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ¾òÀº ÀÌÈÄ ±³°èÁ¦µµ°¡ Á¤½ÄÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÇ°í ¼öµµÈ¸°¡ ÁøÃâÇϸç Æò½Åµµµéµµ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­ µå·¯³»³õ°í °ø½ÄÀûÀ¸·Î È°µ¿ÇÏ´Ù°¡ 1910³â ÇÑÀÏÇÕ¹æÀ¸·Î ´Ù½Ã Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³È¸°¡ Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀ¸·Î ÁÖ±ÇÀ» ÀÒ°í ¹ÚÇظ¦ ¹Þ±â Àü±îÁö¸¦ 'Á¦2±â Á¾±³ÀÚÀ¯È¹µæ°ú ¼öµµÈ¸ °á¼ºÀÌÈÄÀÇ È°µ¿±â'(1886¡­1910)·Î ±¸ºÐÇÑ´Ù.

±×¸®°í ÇÑÀÏÇÕ¹æÀÇ ¼³¿ò°ú ¾ÐÁ¦¿¡¼­ ½ÅÀ½ÇÏ´Ù°¡ ÇعæÀÌ µÇ¾î ´Ù½Ã ÁÖ±ÇÀ» µÇãÀº 1945³â 8¿ù 15ÀϱîÁö¸¦ 'Á¦3±â ÀÏÁ¦½Ä¹Î½Ã±âÀÇ È°µ¿±â'(1910¡­1945)·Î ±¸ºÐÇÑ´Ù.

±×¸®°í ÀÌ ³í¹®Àº ±³È¸ÀÇ »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿À» ´Ù·ç±â À§ÇÑ ¿¬±¸À̹ǷΠÀüÂù¹ü°ú ÇÔ²² ÇعæÀÌÈĸ¦ 1948³âÀ̳ª 1960³â´ë±îÁö·Î ÇÑÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³È¸ÀÇ »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿À» Àü±¹ÀûÀÎ Á¶Á÷ü°è·Î ¿¬°áÇÑ 1975³â ÁÖ±³È¸ÀÇ ÀμºÈ¸ ¼³¸³ ÀÌÀü½Ã±â±îÁö¸¦ 'Á¦4±â ÇعæÈÄ È°µ¿±â'(1945¡­1975)·Î ±¸ºÐÇÑ´Ù.

±×¸®°í 1975³â 6¿ù 26ÀÏ Çѱ¹ Ä«¸®Å¸½ºÀÎ Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³ ÁÖ±³È¸ÀÇ ÀμºÈ¸ ¼³¸³µÇ°í ±× »êÇÏ¿¡ Àü±¹ÀûÀÎ »çȸº¹ÁöÁ¶Á÷ÀÌ °á¼ºµÇ°í ü°èÀûÀÎ »çȸº¹ÁöÈ°µ¿À» ÆîÄ£ 'Á¦5±â ÀμºÈ¸ Á¶Á÷ ÀÌÈÄÀÇ È°µ¿±â'(1975¡­1991)·Î ±¸ºÐÇÑ´Ù.

±×¸®°í ÁÖ±³È¸ÀÇ ÀμºÈ¸°¡ ÁÖ±³È¸ÀÇ »çȸº¹ÁöÀ§¿øȸ·Î °³ÄªµÇ¾î »çȸº¹Áö Àü´ãÀ¸·Î Ãà¼Ò ÁýÁßµÈ 1991³â 10¿ù ÀÌÈÄ Àü±¹ÀûÀ¸·Î °¢ ±³±¸¿¡ »çȸº¹Áöȸ(±¹ ¶Ç´Â À§¿øȸ)°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î È°µ¿Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÏ¿© ÇöÀç±îÁö¸¦ 'Á¦6±â Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³ ÁÖ±³È¸ÀÇ »çȸº¹ÁöÀ§¿øȸ Á¶Á÷ ÀÌÈÄÀÇ È°µ¿±â'(1991¡­)·Î ±¸ºÐÇÑ´Ù.

2) ¿¬±¸ ´ë»ó

Çѱ¹ »çȸº¹Áö»ç¸¦ ¿¬±¸Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ ¹«¾ùÀ» »çȸº¹ÁöÀÇ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î º¼ °ÍÀΰ¡¸¦ Á¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. »çȸº¹ÁöÀÇ ´ë»óÀ» Á¤Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â »çȸº¹ÁöÀÇ °³³äÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

»çȸ»ç¾÷»çÀü¿¡¼­´Â "»çȸº¹Áö´Â »çȸ¸¦ À¯ÁöÇϴµ¥ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ »çȸ, °æÁ¦, ±³À°, °Ç°­ÀÇ ¿å±¸¸¦ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÃæÁ·½ÃÅ°°í Áö¿ª»çȸ¿Í Àüü »çȸÀÇ Áý´ÜÀûÀÎ º¹Áö»óŸ¦ À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ±¹°¡Àû ÇÁ·Î±×·¥, ±Þ¿©, ¼­ºñ½º ü°è."(·Î¹öÆ® L. ¹ÙÄ¿ : 110) ¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.

±×¸®°í "»çȸº¹Áö´Â Àΰ£ÀÇ º¹Áö¸¦ ÁõÁø½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇØ »çȸÀû, °æÁ¦Àû ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â »çȸÀÇ Á¶Á÷È­µÈ ³ë·ÂÀÌ´Ù."(±èÀ¶ÀÏ, Á¶Èï½Ä, ±è¿¬¿Á : 20) ¶ó°íµµ ÇÑ´Ù. ¶Ç ±èÀ¶ÀÏ(1986)Àº "»çȸº¹Áö´Â Á¤ºÎ ¹× ¹Î°£±â°üµéÀÌ °³¹ß°ú °³ÀÔÀü·«À» ÅëÇØ ¸ðµç ±¹¹ÎµéÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ°í âÁ¶ÀûÀÎ »çȸÀû ¿ªÇÒÀ» ¼öÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Àΰ£°ú »çȸÁ¦µµµé »çÀÌ¿¡ À§Ä¡Çؼ­ ±×µéÀÇ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ȸº¹ À¯Áö °­È­½ÃÅ´À¸·Î½á °³ÀÎÀÇ ÀÚ±â½ÇÇö°ú »çȸÀÇ Á¤ÀǸ¦ ±¸ÇöÇÏ·Á´Â °ø»çÀÇ Á¶Á÷È­µÈ È°µ¿µéÀÇ Ã¼°è·Î¼­ Á¦Àϼ± »çȸÁ¦µµµé Áß ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù."¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.

ÇÑÆí ÇÏ»ó¶ô(1989 : 12)Àº »çȸº¹Áö»ç ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ´ë»óÀ» ã±â À§ÇÑ »çȸº¹Áö °³³äÀÇ ºÒ¸íÈ®¼ºÀ» ¾ð±ÞÇϸ鼭µµ »çȸº¹Áö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡Àå Æ÷°ýÀûÀÎ °³³ä ±ÔÁ¤À» ÇØ º»´Ù¸é, °³ÀÎÀûÀ¸·Î ´ëóÇϱ⠾î·Á¿î ¿å±¸³ª ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇÑ Çùµ¿ÀûÀÎ ³ë·Â ¶Ç´Â Á¦ 3ÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¿øÁ¶ÀÇ Ã¼°è¶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í Çß´Ù.

±×·¯¹Ç·Î Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³È¸»ç¸¦ ¿¬±¸ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ÀÌ ³í¹®¿¡¼­´Â »çȸº¹Áö¸¦ "°³ÀÎÀûÀ¸·Î ´ëóÇϱ⠾î·Á¿î ¿å±¸³ª ¹®Á¦¿¡ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ »ç¶ûÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀ¸·Î ÇÔ²² Âü¿©ÇÏ¿© ±× ¹®Á¦¸¦ ³ª´©°í ÇÔ²² Ç®¾î³ª°¡±â À§ÇÑ ±³È¸ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§°ú ±³È¸ÀÇ »ç¸ñÀû Áöħ ±×¸®°í ±× °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ µû¸¥ ±³È¸ °øµ¿Ã¼ÀÇ Á÷¡¤°£Á¢ÀûÀÎ ÇàÀ§¿Í ½ÅÀÚ °³ÀÎÀÌ ½Å¾ÓÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀ» °¡Áö°í ±³È¸ÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î ¶Ç´Â ±³È¸ÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§°ú ÁöħÀ» ½ÇõÇÏ·Á´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ ³ë·Â"À̶ó°í ±ÔÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. À̸¦ ±³È¸ÀûÀÎ ¿ë¾î·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î ¸»ÇÑ´Ù¸é, "ÇÏ´À´Ô »ç¶û¿¡ ÀÀ´äÇÏ´Â ÀÌ¿ô»ç¶ûÀÇ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ÇüÅÂÀÇ È°µ¿"À̶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ú´Ù.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »çȸº¹ÁöÀÇ ±ÔÁ¤¾Æ·¡ ÀÌ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­´Â õÁÖ±³ »çȸº¹Áö»ç ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ´ë»óÀ» ÇÑÁ¤µÈ »çȸÀû ¾àÀÚ¿Í »çȸÀû ³«¿ÀÀÚ¿¡ µÎ°í ±× ±¸Á¦, º¸È£, ¿¹¹æ, ȸº¹ÀÇ ¿øÁ¶¸¦ ÇàÇÏ´Â ½ÃÃ¥°ú ¹æ¹ýü°è·Î ÀÌÇØÇÏ¿©(ÀÌ°èŹ : 13) »çȸº¹Áö»ç¾÷À» Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â ÇùÀÇÀÇ »çȸº¹Áö(±è»ó±Ô, À±¿í, ÀüÀçÀÏ : 30)¿Í »çȸº¹Áö¸¦ Æ÷°ýÀûÀ¸·Î Ç¥½ÃÇÏ´Â ±¤ÀÇÀÇ »çȸº¹Áö(±è¿ëÅ : 9) ¸ðµÎ·Î Àâ´Â´Ù.

±×¸®°í "»çȸº¹Áö´Â Àΰ£ÀÇ Á¸¾ö¼ºÀ» ¼öÈ£Çϱâ À§ÇÑ »çȸ °øµ¿Ã¼Àû È°µ¿À̹ǷΠ»çȸº¹Áö´Â ÀÚ¼±È°µ¿»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, Á¤ÀǸ¦ ½ÇÇöÇÏ´Â ¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î ÀνĵǾî¾ß ÇÑ´Ù."¿Í "±³È¸ÀÇ º¹Áö½Ã¼³Àº »çȸ¿¡¼­ ¼Ò¿ÜµÈ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ôµµ Àΰ£´Ù¿î »îÀ» ¿µÀ§Çϵµ·Ï µµ¿ÍÁÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ½Ã¼³ÀÌ´Ù.(»ç¸ñȸÀÇ »çȸº¹Áö ÀǾÈ, Á¦ 8Àý ÂüÁ¶)."¶ó°í ÇÑ Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³ ÁÖ±³È¸ÀÇÀÇ °áÁ¤(Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³ ÁÖ±³È¸ÀÇ : 82)µµ ÂüÁ¶ÇÑ´Ù.

3) ¼±Çà ¿¬±¸¿Í ¿¬±¸ ³»¿ë

Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³È¸ »çȸº¹Áö¿¡ °üÇÑ ¼±Çà ¿¬±¸µéÀ» º¸¸é, ´Þ·¹(Ch.Dallet) ½ÅºÎÀÇ Çѱ¹ÃµÁÖ±³È¸»ç¿Í À¯È«·Ä(ê÷ûóÖ­)ÀÇ Çѱ¹ÃµÁÖ±³È¸»ç µî ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ÃµÁÖ±³È¸ÀÇ ¿ª»ç ¿¬±¸´Â ¼ø±³·Î ÁöŲ ½Å¾Ó°ú ½Å¾ÓÀ» ÀüÇÏ´Â ¼±±³ Ãø¸é¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¼ºÀå°ú ¼º¼÷À» ±â¼úÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

±×¸®°í Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³È¸ »çȸº¹Áö»ç¸¦ ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î ¿¬±¸ÇÑ ¼±Ç࿬±¸µéµµ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¹Ú¼®µ·(1981)Àº À̽ÂÈÆ º£µå·Î¿Í ¿ø º£µå·Î, °­¿Ï¼÷ °ñ·Ò¹Ù, ±è½Ã¿ì ¾Ë·º½º, ±è¸í¼÷, ±èÁ¾ÇÑ ¾Èµå·¹¾Æ, Á¶½Åö °¡¸¦·Î, ÃÖ°æȯ, ÃÖÇؼº ¿äÇÑ, À̹®¿ì ¿äÇÑ, ¹Î±Ø±â ½ºÅ×ÆÄ³ë µîÀÇ ÀÚ¼±»ç¾÷¿¡ ´ëÇØ ½Ç·Ê¸¦ µé¾î ±â·ÏÇÏ¿´°í, ±è¿ÁÇö, ¼­»óµ·, ´ë±¸±³±¸ÀÇ ÀξÖȸ¸¦ ±â¼úÇÑ ÃÖÁ¤º¹, ¾È¼º º»´çÀÇ °ø½ÅºÎ µî¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ºó¹Î±¸Á¦»ç¾÷ÀÌ À̾îÁ³´Ù°í ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í Çعæ°ú 6 25¸¦ °Þ´Â µ¿¾È '¹Ì±¹ °¡Å縯 ±¸Á¦À§¿øȸ'(Catholic Relief Service)°¡ Çѱ¹¿¡ ÁøÃâÇϸ鼭 ´ë´ëÀûÀÌ°í Á¶Á÷ÀûÀÎ ±¸ºó»ç¾÷°ú »çȸ°³¹ß»ç¾÷ÀÌ ÆîÃÄÁ³´Ù°í ±â¼úÇÏ°í, 1946³â ±¸È£»ç¾÷À» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿© 1952³â ¿Ü¿ø¹ý¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿Ü¿ø´Üü·Î º¸»çºÎ¿¡ µî·ÏÇÑ Çѱ¹ÀÇ C.R.S.°¡ Çѱ¹ ÀμºÈ¸¿¡ ¾çµµµÇ±â±îÁöÀÇ ¿ª»ç¸¦ ±â·ÏÇÏ¿´´Ù.

±×¸®°í 1852³â Çѱ¹¿¡ ÆÄ°ßµÇ¾î ³ª¿Â ¸Å½ºÆ®¸£ ½ÅºÎÀÇ 1854³âÀÇ ¿µÇØȸ¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÀ¸·Î ÇÑ °í¾Æ¿ø »ç¾÷°ú 1894³â Çѱ¹ ¼£Æ®¸£ ¼º ¹Ù¿À·Î ¼ö³àȸ°¡ ÀÎõ¿¡ °í¾Æ¿øÀ» ¼³¸³ÇÏ¸ç ½ÃÀÛÇÑ ½Ã¾à¼ÒÀÇ ÀǷẹÁö»ç¾÷ ±×¸®°í 1948³âºÎÅÍ ¼¼ºê¶õ½ºº´¿ø ºÎ¼Ó °áÇÙ¿ä¾ç¼Ò¸¦ ±¸ÀÔÇÏ¿© ¼º ¶óÀÚ·Î ¿ä¾ç¿øÀ» ¼³¸³ÇÏ¿© ½ÃÀÛµÈ ±¸¶ó»ç¾÷ µîÀ» »ó¼¼È÷ ±â¼úÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

±×¸®°í ±³È¸¿¹»ê¿¡ °ø½ÄÀûÀ¸·Î ¹èÁ¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ÀÚ¼±ºñ(ÇöÀçÀÇ ÂùÁ¶ºñ)¸¦ ¾ð±ÞÇÏ°í, ÀÌ¾î ±×´Â ±³È¸ÀÇ »ç¸íÀ» º¹À½¼±Æ÷(Kerygma)¿Í Àü·Ê(Liturgia) ¹× ¾Ö´ö(Caritas)°ú ºÀ»ç(Diaconia)¿¡ µÒÀ¸·Î½á ±³È¸ ÃÊâ±âºÎÅÍ ºÒ¿ìÇÑ ÇüÁ¦µé¿¡°Ô ¾Ö´öÀ» ½ÇõÇÒ °ÍÀ» ÁÖ±³(»çÁ¦°è±Þ Áß ½ÅºÎÀÇ À­´Ü°è ½ÅºÐ) Ã༺½ÄÀÇ ³»¿ë¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¸ð±Ý¿îµ¿À¸·Î ½ÃÀÛµÈ ÀμºÈ¸(±¹Á¦ÀûÀÎ ÀÌ¿ôµ½±â »ç¾÷ÀÎ CaritasÀÇ Çѱ¹Á¶Á÷¸í)ÀÇ ¼³¸³°ú ±× ÃëÁö ¹× È°µ¿À» ±â·ÏÇß´Ù. ±×¸®°í °¡Å縯 ¾Æµ¿º¹ÁöÇùÀÇȸ¿Í °¡Å縯 °áÇÙ»ç¾÷°¡Çùȸ, ½É½ÅÀå¾ÖÀλç¾÷ Á¾»çÀÚȸ, ±³È¸ ¿©¼º »çȸ»ç¾÷ Á¾»çÀÚȸ, ±¹³»Á¤Âø ¿ù³² ³­¹Î¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ È¸¿Í ´ë±¸ Áß½ÉÀÇ »çȸº¹Áö½Ã¼³ ÀÚ¿øü°è¸¦ ±â¼úÇß´Ù.

ÃÖ¼®¿ìµµ ÀÇ·á»ç¾÷ÀÇ ÀÏȯÀÎ ½Ã¾à¼Ò¸¦ Àü±¹ ÁÖ¿äµµ½Ã¿¡¼­(1982 : 418), À¯Èï·Äµµ 1885³â ³ëÀκ¹Áö¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ¾ç·Î¿øÀ» ¼³Ä¡ ¿î¿µÇß´Ù°í ¹àÈ÷°í ÀÖ´Ù.(1962: »ó±Ç 289)

Á¶È­¿µ(1989 : 79)Àº À§ ¹Ú¼®µ·¿¡ À̾î 1854³â ¸Å½ºÆ®¸£ ½ÅºÎ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼³¸³ ¿î¿µµÈ Çѱ¹ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ¾Æµ¿º¹Áö½Ã¼³ÀÎ ¿µÇØȸ¸¦, ±³È¸ÀÇ »ç¸ñÀÚ°¡ ´ç½ÃÀÇ ½Ã´ë»óȲ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ¾î·Á¿ò¿¡ óÇÑ ¹é¼ºµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ »ç¸ñÈ°µ¿À¸·Î °£ÁÖÇÏ°í ´Ù·ç¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×´Â ¿¬±¸ÀÇ °á·Ð¿¡¼­ "ù°, ±Ù´ëÀû ÀǹÌÀÇ ¾Æµ¿º¹Áö »ç¾÷ÀÇ ¹ß¾Æ±â¸¦ 1854³â ¸Å½ºÆ®¸£ ½ÅºÎÀÇ ¿µÇØȸ »ç¾÷ Àü°³·Î º½ÀÌ ¸¶¶¥ÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇϹǷΠ±âÁ¸ÀÇ Çѱ¹ »çȸº¹Áö»ç ¹®Çå¿¡¼­ Á¦½ÃÇÏ´Â ±Ù´ëÀû »çȸ»ç¾÷ÀÇ ½Ç½Ã½Ã±â¸¦ 1894³â °©¿À°æÀåÀÇ °³ÇõÁ¤Ä¡ ÀÌÈÄ(±¸ÀÚÇå, 1970 : 47)³ª 1897³â ´ëÇÑÁ¦±¹ ¼±Æ÷ ÀÌÈÄ(ÁöÀ±, 1969 : 248-250)·Î º¸´Â °ÍÀº ¸¶¶¥Ä¡ ¾Ê´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. µÑ°, ±âÁ¸ÀÇ »çȸº¹Áö»ç ¹®Çå¿¡¼­ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ °í¾Æ½Ã¼³ ¼³¸³ ³âµµ¸¦ 1888³âÀ¸·Î º¸´Â °Í(ÇÏ»ó¶ô, 1989 : 82)Àº ¼öÁ¤µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù."¸ç ±âÁ¸ÀÇ »çȸº¹Áö»ç ¹®Çå¿¡¼­ Á¦½ÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â µÎ °¡Áö »ç½Ç¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼öÁ¤¿ä±¸¸¦ ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

ÀüÂù¹ü(1992)Àº "ÀÚ»ýÀû ±³È¸·Î ÀÌ ¶¥¿¡ »Ñ¸®¸¦ ³»¸° Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³È¸´Â ¾î·Á¿î ¹ÚÇؽñⰡ ä ³¡³ª±âµµ Àü¿¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ »ç¶û°ú ³ª´®À» ½ÇõÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© »çȸº¹ÁöÈ°µ¿À» ÆîÄ¡±â ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¹ÎÁ·Àû ±¼¿å°ú ¾ÆÇÄÀÇ ½Ã´ëÀÎ ÀÏÁ¦Ä¡ÇÏ¿Í 6¡¤25µ¿¶õÀ» °Þ´Â µ¿¾È¿¡µµ »çȸº¹ÁöÈ°µ¿Àº º¹À½ Á¤½Å¿¡ µû¶ó ±³È¸ÀÇ ¸íºÐÀ» À¯ÁöÇϸ鼭 ²ÙÁØÈ÷ Àü°³µÇ¾î ¿Ô´Ù."°í Çß´Ù.

±è¿ëÅÂ(1993 : 62)´Â "±³È¸ »çȸº¹ÁöÈ°µ¿ÀÌ ÀÚ¼±°ú ¾Ö±àÀÇ ´öÀ̶ó´Â Â÷¿ø¿¡¼­, ±³È² ¿äÇÑ ¹Ù¿À·Î 2¼¼ÀÇ '°¡³­ÇÑ À̵鿡 ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¼±ÀûÀÎ »ç¶û'À̶õ »çµµÁ÷ ±Ç°í¿¡ µû¶ó °¡³­ÇÏ°í °íÅë¹Þ°í ¾ï´­·Á ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç¶û°ú ¹è·Á°¡ Å©¸®½ºÃ®ÀÇ Àǹ«ÀÌÀÚ ±Ç¸®ÀÓÀÌ Ãµ¸íµÇ¸é¼­, ±³È¸´Â »çȸº¹Áö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿ä±¸¸¦ ¼ö¿ëÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ »çȸº¹Áö ´ë»óÀڵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ ¹°ÁúÀûÀÎ Áö¿ø»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ºñ¹°ÁúÀûÀÌ°í ÀΰÝÀûÀÌ°í Á¤½ÅÀûÀÎ »çȸº¹ÁöÀÇ ¿ä±¸µéÀÌ ´ëµÎµÇ¾ú°í, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿ä±¸¿¡ Àû±ØÀûÀ¸·Î ´ëóÇÏ°í ´Éµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î Âü¿©ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±³È¸ÀÇ »ç¸íÀ¸·Î ¿©°ÜÁö°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù."°í ¹àÇû´Ù.

ÀÌÇö¼÷(1997)Àº '°¡Å縯 »çȸº¹ÁöÀÇ ÇöȲ°ú ¹ßÀü Àü¸Á'°ú 'Çѱ¹ º¹ÁöÁ¦µµÀÇ ¹ßÀü°ú Çѱ¹±³È¸ÀÇ »çȸº¹Áö Âü¿© Àü¸Á'¿¡¼­ "õÁÖ±³ »çȸº¹Áö»ç¾÷ÀÇ ¿ª»ç¸¦ º¸¸é ¿ª½Ã 19¼¼±â¸»·Î °Å½½·¯ ¿Ã¶ó°¡¸ç, ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿µ¿ª¿¡¼­ »çȸº¹ÁöÈ°µ¿À» ¼±±¸ÀûÀ¸·Î Àü°³ÇØ ¿ÔÀ» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¼­±¸ÀûÀÎ »çȸº¹Áö °³³ä°ú ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÏ´Â µî Çѱ¹»çȸÀÇ »çȸº¹Áö ¹ßÀü¿¡ Áö´ëÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÆ´Ù."°í Çß´Ù.

ÇÑÆí ±èÀμ÷(1997 : 4)Àº 'Áö¿ª»çȸ ¾È¿¡¼­ÀÇ ±³È¸ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ'¿¡¼­ "Çѱ¹ °¡Å縯 ±³È¸ÀÇ »çȸº¹ÁöÈ°µ¿Àº ¿Ü±¹ÀÇ ¼öµµÈ¸µéÀÌ ¼±±³ÀÇ º¸Á¶ ¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î »çȸº¹Áö½Ã¼³À» ¿î¿µÇß´ø ÀÏÁ¦½Ã´ëºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù°í ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ´ç½Ã Çѱ¹ÀÇ »çȸº¹Áö´Â ÀÏÁ¦°¡ µµÀÔÇÑ 'Á¶¼±±¸È£·É'À̶ó´Â »ýÈ°º¸È£»ç¾÷ ÇüÅ°¡ °íÀÛÀ̾ú´Ù."¶ó°í Çß´Ù.

ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¿¬±¸¸¦ º¸¸é Ãʱ⠱³È¸»ç¿¡ À־ ¹Ú¼®µ·Àº Æò½Åµµ ½ÅÀÚ °³ÀÎÂ÷¿øÀÇ ÀÚ¼±»ç¾÷ »ç·Ê¸¸À» ´Ù·ç¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±× ÀÌÈÄ´Â ´ë±¸±³±¸¿¡ Ä¡ÁßÇÑ µíÇÑ ¸ð½ÀÀÌ º¸ÀδÙ. ¶ÇÇÑ ±èÀμ÷ÀÇ ±ÛÀº ÀÌ¹Ì 1777³âºÎÅÍ Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³È¸°¡ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Âµ¥µµ ±³È¸ Á¸ÀçÀÇ ¾ç¸éÀÎ ¼±±³¿Í »çȸº¹Áö¶ó´Â ¾ç¸é Áß »çȸº¹Áö ºÎºÐÀ» °£°úÇßÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó »çȸº¹Áö¸¦ »çȸº¹Áö½Ã¼³ ¿î¿µÀ¸·Î ÇÑÁ¤½ÃŲ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³È¸°¡ Á¾±³ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ¾òÀº ½Ã±â¿¡¼­ ÃÖ¼®¿ì¿Í À¯Èï·ÄÀº ±³È¸»çÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ ±³È¸°¡ »çȸº¹Áö»ç¾÷À» ÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ±â·ÏÇϴµ¥ ±×Ä¡¾ú°í, Á¶È­¿µÀº ¾Æµ¿º¹Áö¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ¼º½ÇÈ÷ ´Ù·ç¾úÀ¸³ª ´ç´ë ±³È¸ º¹Áö»ç¾÷ÀÇ Àü¹ÝÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÏÁö´Â ¸øÇß´Ù.

±è¿ëÅÂ¿Í ÀÌÇö¼÷°ú ÀüÂù¹üÀº Çö´ë±³È¸ÀÇ »çȸº¹ÁöÀÇ Áø´Ü°ú ¹Ì·¡¹æÇâÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÏ´À¶ó ¿ª»çÀÇ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÌ°í ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀÎ »ç·áºÎºÐÀ» Æø³Ð°í ±íÀÌ ´Ù·çÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.

ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¿¬±¸µéÀÇ ÇÑ°èÁ¡À» Á¾ÇÕÇϸé, ±³È¸ »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿ÀÌ ±³È¸»ç ¾È¿¡¼­ Â÷ÁöÇÏ´Â ºñÁßÀ̳ª ÀÇÀǸ¦ ¶Ñ·ÇÀÌ ¹àÈ÷Áö ¾Ê¾Ò°í ¶ÇÇÑ ±³È¸ »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿ÀÇ ÀüüÀûÀΠü°è¿Í ¼¼´ë °£ »çȸȯ°æÀÇ º¯È­ ¼Ó¿¡¼­µµ ²ÙÁØÈ÷ »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿À» ½ÇõÄÉ ÇÑ ¿¬°á°í¸®°¡ µÇ´Â ÀÏ°üµÈ ±³È¸ »çȸº¹ÁöÀÇ ¸Æ¶ôÀ» À̲ø¾î ³»Áö ¸øÇß´Ù.

±×·¡¼­ ¿¬±¸ÀÚ´Â Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³È¸°¡ ÃʱⱳȸºÎÅÍ ¼ø±³·Î ÁöŲ ½Å¾ÓÀ», ½Ã´ë¿Í ¼¼´ë¸¦ °ÅÄ¡¸ç Çѱ¹ Àüü ±³È¸¿Í °¢ ±³±¸º°·Î Çö´ë¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö ¾î¶»°Ô Çö½Ç¿¡¼­ ½ÇÇöÇÏ¸ç »ì¾Æ¿Ô´ÂÁö¸¦ 'ÇÏ´À´Ô »ç¶ûÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀÎ ÀÌ¿ô»ç¶û'À̶ó´Â, Áï ¾î·Á¿ò¿¡ óÇÑ ÀÌ¿ô°ú ´Üü ¹× Áö¿ª»çȸ¸¦ ¸»·Î À§·ÎÇÏ°í ¼ö¿ë°ú º¸È£ ¹× ¾çÀ° ±×¸®°í Á¦µµÀûÀ̸ç ü°èÀûÀ¸·Î µ½´Â '±³È¸ÀÇ »çȸº¹Áö'¶ó´Â, ÀÏ°üµÈ ½Ã°¢¿¡¼­ °¢ ½Ã´ë¿Í °¢ º¹ÁöºÐ¾ß¸¦ ÅëÇÕÀûÀ¸·Î ¹àÇôº¸°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿¬±¸¸¦ À§ÇØ ¿¬±¸ÀÚ´Â ±¸ºÐµÈ °¢ ½Ã´ë º°·Î

ù°, Á¤Ä¡ »çȸ ¹× ±³È¸ »çȸº¹ÁöÀûÀÎ ¹è°æÀ» »ìÆ캸°í

µÑ°, ºÐ¾ßº° õÁÖ±³ »çȸº¹Áö»ç¾÷À» »ìÆ캻 ÈÄ

¼Â°, »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿ÀÇ ½Ã´ëÀû ¼º°Ý°ú ÀÇÀǸ¦ »ìÆ캸°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù.

Á¤Ä¡ »çȸ ¹× ±³È¸ »çȸº¹ÁöÀûÀÎ ¹è°æÀº ±¸ºÐµÈ °¢ ½Ã´ëÀÇ »çȸº¹ÁöÈ°µ¿À» °¡Á®¿À°Ô ÇÑ »çȸ»ó°ú ±³È¸ÀÇ Åä´ë¸¦ ±â·ÏÇϸç, ±× ³»¿ëÀº ½Ã´ëº° È°µ¿³»¿ë¿¡ µû¶ó ±¸Ã¼È­ÇÑ´Ù.

±×¸®°í ºÐ¾ßº° õÁÖ±³ »çȸº¹Áö»ç¾÷Àº ¾Æµ¿º¹Áö(º¸À°¿ø°ú ¾î¸°ÀÌÁý, Ź¾Æ¼Ò, À¯Ä¡¿ø)¿Í ±³À°º¹Áö, ¾ßÇÐ ¹× ±â¼úº¹Áö, Àå¾ÖÀκ¹Áö, Çà·ÁÀÚº¹Áö, ±Ù·ÎÀÚº¹Áö, û¼Ò³âº¹Áö, ¿©¼ºº¹Áö, ³ëÀκ¹Áö, ÀǷẹÁö, Áö¿ª»çȸº¹Áö ¼øÀ¸·Î ´Ù·ç´Âµ¥, ³ªÈ¯¿ì º¹Áöó·³ °¢ ½Ã´ëÀÇ Æ¯Â¡ ¹× ÁßÁ¡»ç¾÷Àº ¸ÕÀú ´Ù·ç°í Ưº°È÷ Çö´ëÀÇ º¹ÁöºÐ¾ß·Î ºÐ·ùÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ½Ã´ëÀûÀΠƯÁ¤»ç¾÷Àº ±âŸ Ç׸ñ¿¡¼­ ´Ù·é´Ù.

ºÐ¾ßº° õÁÖ±³ »çȸº¹Áö»ç¾÷ Áß ¹®¸ÍÀεé°ú °¡³­ÇÑ À̵鿡 ´ëÇÑ ±âÃÊÀûÀÎ »çȸ Áö½Ä½Àµæ ±×¸®°í »çȸÀûÀÀ°ú Ãë¾÷ Â÷¿ø¿¡¼­ÀÇ ±³À° ±×¸®°í »çȸº¹Áö Àü¹® ±³À°°úÁ¤À» »çȸº¹Áö»ç¾÷ÀÇ ±³À°º¹Áö ¹üÁÖ ¾È¿¡ ³Ö´Â´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¾Æµ¿º¹ÁöÀÇ À¯Ä¡¿ø°ú ÀǷẹÁöÀÇ °æ¿ì ÀÇ¡¤º´¿øµµ °°Àº ¸Æ¶ôÀÌ´Ù.


3. ¿¬±¸ ¹æ¹ý°ú ÀÏÁ¤

1) Çѱ¹ ±³È¸»ç¸¦ ´Ù·é ¼­Àû°ú ³í¹® µîÁö¿¡¼­ »çȸº¹Áö»ç °ü·Ã ÀڷḦ ¼öÁýÇÏ°í, ¶Ç °ü·ÃÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÀÎÅͺ並 ÇÑ´Ù.(1997³â 12¿ù¡­1998³â 9¿ù)

2) Çѱ¹ ±³È¸»ç ¿¬±¸¼Ò¿¡¼­ 1985³â ¹ß°£ÇÑ Çѱ¹ °¡Å縯 ´ë»çÀü¿¡¼­ Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³ÀÇ »çȸº¹Áö È°µ¿À» ã¾Æ ½Ã´ëº°·Î ±¸ºÐ ³ª¿­ÇÑ´Ù.(1997³â 12¿ù¡­1998³â 9¿ù)

3) ÀÌ·¸°Ô ³ª¿­µÈ »çȸº¹ÁöÈ°µ¿À» Àü°³ÇØ¿Â Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³ÀÇ ÇØ´ç º»´ç°ú ¼öµµÈ¸¿¡ ±× »çȸº¹ÁöÈ°µ¿ÀÇ ¿ª»ç¿Í ³»¿ëÀ» ÀÏÂ÷ÀûÀ¸·Î Áú¹®Áö¸¦ º¸³» È®ÀÎÇÏ°í, ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é ÀÎÅͺ並 ÇÏ¿© º¸¿ÏÇÑ´Ù.(1997³â 12¿ù¡­1998³â 11¿ù)

4) ÀÌ·¸°Ô ³ª¿­µÈ »çȸº¹ÁöÈ°µ¿À» Àü°³ÇØ¿Â Çѱ¹ õÁÖ±³ÀÇ ÇØ´ç »çȸº¹Áö½Ã¼³¿¡ ±× »çȸº¹ÁöÈ°µ¿ÀÇ ¿ª»ç¿Í ³»¿ëÀ» ÀÏÂ÷ÀûÀ¸·Î Áú¹®Áö¸¦ º¸³» È®ÀÎÇÏ°í, ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é ÀÎÅͺ並 ÇÏ¿© º¸¿ÏÇÑ´Ù.(1997³â 12¿ù¡­1998³â 11¿ù)

5) ¼öÁýµÈ ÀڷḦ ÅëÇÕ ºÐ¼®ÇÑ´Ù.(1998³â 3¿ù¡­1998³â 11¿ù)